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VB Keywords

VB Introduction….

What is VBScript?

VBScript is an activeX scripting Language.
A scripting language is a lightweight programming language
VBScript is a light version of Microsoft's programming language Visual Basic
VBScript is a Microsoft scripting language.

How Does it Work?

When a VBScript is inserted into a HTML document, the Internet browser will read the HTML and interpret the VBScript. The VBScript can be executed immediately, or at a later event.

VBScript How To ...

How to Put VBScript Code in an HTML Document

<html>

<head>

</head>

<body>

<script type="text/vbscript">

document.write("Hello from VBScript!")

</script>

</body>

</html>

And it produces this output:

Hello from VBScript!

To insert a script in an HTML document, use the <script> tag. Use the type attribute to define the scripting language.

<script type="text/vbscript">

Then comes the VBScript: The command for writing some text on a page is document.write:

document.write("Hello from VBScript!")

The script ends:

</script>

How to Handle Older Browsers

Older browsers that do not support scripts will display the script as page content. To prevent them from doing this, you can use the HTML comment tag:

<script type="text/vbscript">

<!--

  some statements

-->

</script>

VBScript Where To ...

Where to Put the VBScript :

Scripts in a page will be executed immediately while the page loads into the browser. This is not always what we want. Sometimes we want to execute a script when a page loads, other times when a user triggers an event.

Scripts in the head section: Scripts to be executed when they are called or when an event is triggered go in the head section. When you place a script in the head section you will assure that the script is loaded before anyone uses it:

<html>

<head>

some statements

</script>

</head>

Scripts in the body section: Scripts to be executed when the page loads go in the body section. When you place a script in the body section it generates the content of the page:

<html>

<head>

</head>

<body>

some statements

</script>

</body>

Scripts in both the body and the head section: You can place an unlimited number of scripts in your document, so you can have scripts in both the body and the head section. <html>

<head>

some statements

</script>

</head>

<body>

some statements

</script>

</body>

</html>

EXAMPLE 1 : Body section

Execute a script that is placed in the body section. Scripts in the body section are executed when the page is loading.

<html>

<body>

<script type="text/vbscript">

document.write("Scripts in the body section are executed when the page is loading")

</script>

</body>

</html>

EXAMPLE 2 : Head section

Scripts can be placed in the head section. Usually we put all the "functions" in the head section. The reason for this is to be sure that the script is loaded before the function is called.

<html>

<head>

<script type="text/vbscript">

alert("Hello")

</script>

</head>

<body>

<p>

We usually use the head section for "functions".

The reason for this is to be sure that the script is loaded before the function is called.

</p>

</body>

</html>

VBScript Variables :

What is a Variable?

A variable is a "container" for information you want to store.

A variable's value can change during the script.

You can refer to a variable by name to see its value or to change its value.

In VBScript, all variables are of type variant, that can store different types of data.

Rules for Variable Names:

Must begin with a letter

Cannot contain a period (.)

Cannot exceed 255 characters

Declaring Variables

You can declare variables with the Dim, Public or the Private statement.

Like this: dim name

name=some value

Now you have created a variable. The name of the variable is "name".

You can also declare variables by using its name in your script. Like this:name=some value

Now you have also created a variable. The name of the variable is "name".

However, the last method is not a good practice, because you can misspell the variable name later in your script, and that can cause strange results when your script is running. This is because when you misspell for example the "name" variable to "nime" the script will automatically create a new variable called "nime". To prevent your script from doing this you can use the Option Explicit statement. When you use this statement you will have to declare all your variables with the dim, public or private statement. Put the Option Explicit statement on the top of your script. Like this: option explicit

dim name

name=some value

Assigning Values to Variables

You assign a value to a variable like this: name="Ram"

i=200

The variable name is on the left side of the expression and the value you want to assign to the variable is on the right. Now the variable "name" has the value "Ram".

Lifetime of Variables

How long a variable exists is its lifetime.

When you declare a variable within a procedure, the variable can only be accessed within that procedure. When the procedure exits, the variable is destroyed. These variables are called local variables. You can have local variables with the same name in different procedures, because each is recognized only by the procedure in which it is declared.

If you declare a variable outside a procedure, all the procedures on your page can access it. The lifetime of these variables starts when they are declared, and ends when the page is closed.

Array Variables :

Sometimes you want to assign more than one value to a single variable. Then you can create a variable that can contain a series of values. This is called an array variable. The declaration of an array variable uses parentheses ( ) following the variable name. In the following example, an array containing 3 elements is declared: dim names(2)

The number shown in the parentheses is 2. We start at zero so this array contains 3 elements. This is a fixed-size array. You assign data to each of the elements of the array like this: names(0)="Prathap"

names(1)="Mahesh"

names(2)="Rathan"

Similarly, the data can be retrieved from any element using the index of the particular array element you want. Like this:mother=names(0)

You can have up to 60 dimensions in an array. Multiple dimensions are declared by separating the numbers in the parentheses with commas. Here we have a two-dimensional array consisting of 5 rows and 7 columns: dim table(4, 6)

Example1 :

<html>

<body>

<script type="text/vbscript">

dim name

name="Ram Kumar"

document.write(name)

</script>

</body>

</html>

Example 2 :

<html>

<body>

<script type="text/vbscript">

dim name

name="Bharat singh"

document.write("My name is: " & name)

</script>

</body>

</html>

Example 3 :

<html>

<body>

<script type="text/vbscript">

dim famname(5)

famname(0)="Ram"

famname(1)="Kiran"

famname(2)="Mahesh"

famname(3)="Raj"

famname(4)="Karan"

famname(5)="Bharat"

for i=0 to 5

document.write(famname(i) & "<br />")

next

</script>

</body>

</html>

VBScript Procedures :

We have two kinds of procedures: The Sub procedure and the Function procedure.

A Sub procedure:

is a series of statements, enclosed by the Sub and End Sub statements
can perform actions, but does not return a value
can take arguments that are passed to it by a calling procedure
without arguments, must include an empty set of parentheses ()

Sub mysub()

 some statements

End Sub

Sub mysub(argument1,argument2)

 some statements

End Sub

A Function procedure:

is a series of statements, enclosed by the Function and End Function statements
can perform actions and can return a value
can take arguments that are passed to it by a calling procedure
without arguments, must include an empty set of parentheses ()
returns a value by assigning a value to its name

Function myfunction()

 some statements

 myfunction=some value

End Function

Function myfunction(argument1,argument2)

 some statements

 myfunction=some value

End Function

Call a Sub or Function Procedure

When you call a Function in your code, you do like this:

name = findname()

Here you call a Function called "findname", the Function returns a value that will be stored in the variable "name".

Or, you can do like this:

msgbox "Your name is " & findname()

Here you also call a Function called "findname", the Function returns a value that will be displayed in the message box.

When you call a Sub procedure you can use the Call statement, like this:

Call MyProc(argument)

Or, you can omit the Call statement, like this:

MyProc argument

Sub procedure

The sub procedure does not return a value.

<html>

<head>

sub mySub()

msgbox("This is a sub procedure")

end sub

</script>

</head>

<body>

call mySub()

</script>

<p>A sub procedure does not return a result.</p>

</body>

</html>

Function procedure

The function procedure is used if you want to return a value.

<html>

<head>

function myFunction()

myFunction = "BLUE"

end function

</script>

</head>

<body>

document.write("My favorite color is " & myFunction())

</script>

<p>A function procedure CAN return a result.</p>

</body>

</html>

VBScript Conditional Statements

Very often when you write code, you want to perform different actions for different decisions. You can use conditional statements in your code to do this.

In VBScript we have four conditional statements:

if statement - use this statement if you want to execute a set of code when a condition is true
if...then...else statement - use this statement if you want to select one of two sets of lines to execute
if...then...elseif statement - use this statement if you want to select one of many sets of lines to execute
select case statement - use this statement if you want to select one of many sets of lines to execute

If....Then.....Else

You should use the If...Then...Else statement if you want to

execute some code if a condition is true
select one of two blocks of code to execute

If you want to execute only one statement when a condition is true, you can write the code on one line:

if i=10 Then msgbox "Hello"

There is no ..else.. in this syntax. You just tell the code to perform one action if the condition is true (in this case if i=10).

If you want to execute more than one statement when a condition is true, you must put each statement on separate lines and end the statement with the keyword "End If":

if i=10 Then

   msgbox "Hello"

   i = i+1

end If

There is no ..else.. in this syntax either. You just tell the code to perform multiple actions if the condition is true.

If you want to execute a statement if a condition is true and execute another statement if the condition is not true, you must add the "Else" keyword:

if i=10 then

   msgbox "Hello"

else

   msgbox "Goodbye"

end If

The first block of code will be executed if the condition is true, and the other block will be executed otherwise (if i is not equal to 10).

If....Then.....Elseif

You can use the if...then...elseif statement if you want to select one of many blocks of code to execute:

if payment="Cash" then

   msgbox "You are going to pay cash!"

 elseif payment="Visa" then

   msgbox "You are going to pay with visa."

 elseif payment="AmEx" then

   msgbox "You are going to pay with American Express."

 else

   msgbox "Unknown method of payment."

end If

Select Case

You can also use the SELECT statement if you want to select one of many blocks of code to execute:

select case payment

 case "Cash"

   msgbox "You are going to pay cash"

 case "Visa"

   msgbox "You are going to pay with visa"

 case "AmEx"

   msgbox "You are going to pay with American Express"

 case Else

   msgbox "Unknown method of payment"

end select

This is how it works: First we have a single expression (most often a variable), that is evaluated once. The value of the expression is then compared with the values for each Case in the structure. If there is a match, the block of code associated with that Case is executed.

The if...then...else statement

This example demonstrates how to write the if...then..else statement.

<html>

<head>

function greeting()

i=hour(time)

if i < 10 then

document.write("Good morning!")

else

document.write("Have a nice day!")

end if

end function

</script>

</head>

</body>

</html>

The if...then...elseif... statement

This example demonstrates how to write the if...then...elseif statement.

<html>

<head>

function greeting()

i=hour(time)

If i = 10 then

document.write("Just started...!")

elseif i = 11 then

document.write("Hungry!")

elseif i = 12 then

document.write("Ah, lunch-time!")

elseif i = 16 then

document.write("Time to go home!")

else

document.write("Unknown")

end if

end function

</script>

</head>

</body>

</html>

The select case statement

This example demonstrates how to write the select case statement.

<html>

<body>

d=weekday(date)

select case d

case 1

document.write("Sleepy Sunday")

case 2

document.write("Monday again!")

case 3

document.write("Just Tuesday!")

case 4

document.write("Wednesday!")

case 5

document.write("Thursday...")

case 6

document.write("Finally Friday!")

case else

document.write("Super Saturday!!!!")

end select

</script>

<p>This example demonstrates the "select case" statement.<br />

You will receive a different greeting based on what day it is.<br />

Note that Sunday=1, Monday=2, Tuesday=3, etc.</p>

</body>

</html>

Looping Statements

Very often when you write code, you want to allow the same block of code to run a number of times. You can use looping statements in your code to do this.

In VBScript we have four looping statements:

For...Next statement - runs statements a specified number of times.
For Each...Next statement - runs statements for each item in a collection or each element of an array
Do...Loop statement - loops while or until a condition is true
While...Wend statement - Do not use it - use the Do...Loop statement instead

For...Next Loop

You can use a For...Next statement to run a block of code, when you know how many repetitions you want.

You can use a counter variable that increases or decreases with each repetition of the loop, like this:

For i=1 to 10

  some code

Next

The For statement specifies the counter variable (i) and its start and end values. The Next statement increases the counter variable (i) by one.

Step Keyword

Using the Step keyword, you can increase or decrease the counter variable by the value you specify.

In the example below, the counter variable (i) is increased by two each time the loop repeats.

For i=2 To 10 Step 2

  some code

Next

To decrease the counter variable, you must use a negative Step value. You must specify an end value that is less than the start value.

In the example below, the counter variable (i) is decreased by two each time the loop repeats.

For i=10 To 2 Step -2

  some code

Next

Exit a For...Next

You can exit a For...Next statement with the Exit For keyword.

For Each...Next Loop

A For Each...Next loop repeats a block of code for each item in a collection, or for each element of an array.

dim cars(2)

cars(0)="Volvo"

cars(1)="Saab"

cars(2)="BMW"

For Each x in cars

  document.write(x & "<br />")

Next

Do...Loop

You can use Do...Loop statements to run a block of code when you do not know how many repetitions you want. The block of code is repeated while a condition is true or until a condition becomes true.

Repeating Code While a Condition is True

You use the While keyword to check a condition in a Do...Loop statement.

Do While i>10

  some code

Loop

If i equals 9, the code inside the loop above will never be executed.

Do

  some code

Loop While i>10

The code inside this loop will be executed at least one time, even if i is less than 10.

Repeating Code Until a Condition Becomes True

You use the Until keyword to check a condition in a Do...Loop statement.

Do Until i=10

  some code

Loop

If i equals 10, the code inside the loop will never be executed.

Do

  some code

Loop Until i=10

The code inside this loop will be executed at least one time, even if i is equal to 10.

Exit a Do...Loop

You can exit a Do...Loop statement with the Exit Do keyword.

Do Until i=10

  i=i-1

  If i<10 Then Exit Do

Loop

The code inside this loop will be executed as long as i is different from 10, and as long as i is greater than 10.

Examples

For...next loop

This example demonstrates how to make a simple For....Next loop.

<html>

<body>

for i = 0 to 5

document.write("The number is " & i & "<br />")

</script>

</body>

</html>

Looping through headers

This example demonstrates how you can loop through the 6 headers in html.

<html>

<body>

for i=1 to 6

document.write("<h" & i & ">This is header " & i & "</h" & i & ">")

</script>

</body>

</html>

For...each loop

This example demonstrates how to make a simple For.....Each loop.

<html>

<body>

dim names(2)

names(0) = "Tove"

names(1) = "Jani"

names(2) = "Hege"

for each x in names

document.write(x & "<br />")

</script>

</body>

</html>

Do...While loop

This example demonstrates how to make a simple Do...While loop.

<html>

<body>

i=0

do while i < 10

document.write(i & "<br />")

i=i+1

loop

</script>

</body>

</html>

VBScript Functions

This page contains all the built-in VBScript functions. The page is divided into following sections:

Date/Time functions
Conversion functions
Format functions

Math functions
Array functions

String functions
Other functions

Date/Time Functions

Function	Description
CDate	Converts a valid date and time expression to the variant of subtype Date
Date	Returns the current system date
DateAdd	Returns a date to which a specified time interval has been added
DateDiff	Returns the number of intervals between two dates
DatePart	Returns the specified part of a given date
DateSerial	Returns the date for a specified year, month, and day
DateValue	Returns a date
Day	Returns a number that represents the day of the month (between 1 and 31, inclusive)
FormatDateTime	Returns an expression formatted as a date or time
Hour	Returns a number that represents the hour of the day (between 0 and 23, inclusive)
IsDate	Returns a Boolean value that indicates if the evaluated expression can be converted to a date
Minute	Returns a number that represents the minute of the hour (between 0 and 59, inclusive)
Month	Returns a number that represents the month of the year (between 1 and 12, inclusive)
MonthName	Returns the name of a specified month
Now	Returns the current system date and time
Second	Returns a number that represents the second of the minute (between 0 and 59, inclusive)
Time	Returns the current system time
Timer	Returns the number of seconds since 12:00 AM
TimeSerial	Returns the time for a specific hour, minute, and second
TimeValue	Returns a time
Weekday	Returns a number that represents the day of the week (between 1 and 7, inclusive)
WeekdayName	Returns the weekday name of a specified day of the week
Year	Returns a number that represents the year

Conversion Functions

Top

Function	Description
Asc	Converts the first letter in a string to ANSI code
CBool	Converts an expression to a variant of subtype Boolean
CByte	Converts an expression to a variant of subtype Byte
CCur	Converts an expression to a variant of subtype Currency
CDate	Converts a valid date and time expression to the variant of subtype Date
CDbl	Converts an expression to a variant of subtype Double
Chr	Converts the specified ANSI code to a character
CInt	Converts an expression to a variant of subtype Integer
CLng	Converts an expression to a variant of subtype Long
CSng	Converts an expression to a variant of subtype Single
CStr	Converts an expression to a variant of subtype String
Hex	Returns the hexadecimal value of a specified number
Oct	Returns the octal value of a specified number

Format Functions

Top

Function	Description
FormatCurrency	Returns an expression formatted as a currency value
FormatDateTime	Returns an expression formatted as a date or time
FormatNumber	Returns an expression formatted as a number
FormatPercent	Returns an expression formatted as a percentage

Math Functions

Top

Function	Description
Abs	Returns the absolute value of a specified number
Atn	Returns the arctangent of a specified number
Cos	Returns the cosine of a specified number (angle)
Exp	Returns e raised to a power
Hex	Returns the hexadecimal value of a specified number
Int	Returns the integer part of a specified number
Fix	Returns the integer part of a specified number
Log	Returns the natural logarithm of a specified number
Oct	Returns the octal value of a specified number
Rnd	Returns a random number less than 1 but greater or equal to 0
Sgn	Returns an integer that indicates the sign of a specified number
Sin	Returns the sine of a specified number (angle)
Sqr	Returns the square root of a specified number
Tan	Returns the tangent of a specified number (angle)

VBScript Keywords

Keyword	Description
empty	Used to indicate an uninitialized variable value. A variable value is uninitialized when it is first created and no value is assigned to it, or when a variable value is explicitly set to empty. Example: dim x 'the variable x is uninitialized! x="ff" 'the variable x is NOT uninitialized anymore x=empty 'the variable x is uninitialized! Note: This is not the same as Null!!
isEmpty	Used to test if a variable is uninitialized. Example: If (isEmpty(x)) 'is x uninitialized?
nothing	Used to indicate an uninitialized object value, or to disassociate an object variable from an object to release system resources. Example: set myObject=nothing
is nothing	Used to test if a value is an initialized object. Example: If (myObject Is Nothing) 'is it unset? Note: If you compare a value to Nothing, you will not get the right result! Example: If (myObject = Nothing) 'always false!
null	Used to indicate that a variable contains no valid data. One way to think of Null is that someone has explicitly set the value to "invalid", unlike Empty where the value is "not set". Note: This is not the same as Empty or Nothing!! Example: x=Null 'x contains no valid data
isNull	Used to test if a value contains invalid data. Example: if (isNull(x)) 'is x invalid?
true	Used to indicate a Boolean condition that is correct (true has a value of -1)
false	Used to indicate a Boolean condition that is not correct (false has a value of 0)

<html>

<body>

document.write("Today's date is " & date())

document.write("<br />")

document.write("The time is " & time())

</script>

</body>

</html>

<html>

<body>

<p>VBScripts' function <b>WeekdayName</b> is used to get a weekday:</p>

document.write("<p>")

document.write(WeekDayName(1))

document.write("<br />")

document.write(WeekDayName(2))

document.write("</p><p>")

document.write("Get the abbreviated name of a weekday:")

document.write("<br />")

document.write(WeekDayName(1,true))

document.write("<br />")

document.write(WeekDayName(2,true))

document.write("</p><p>")

document.write("Get the current weekday:")

document.write("<br />")

document.write(WeekdayName(weekday(date)))

document.write("<br />")

document.write(WeekdayName(weekday(date), true))

document.write("</p>")

</script>

</body>

</html>

<html>

<body>

document.write("Today's day is " & WeekdayName(weekday(date)))

document.write("<br />")

document.write("The month is " & MonthName(month(date)))

</script>

</body>

</html>

<html>

<body>

<p>Countdown to year 3000:</p>

<p>

millennium=cdate("1/1/3000 00:00:00")

document.write("It is " & DateDiff("m", Now(), millennium) & " months to year 3000!<br />")

document.write("It is " & DateDiff("d", Now(), millennium) & " days to year 3000!<br />")

document.write("It is " & DateDiff("h", Now(), millennium) & " hours to year 3000!<br />")

document.write("It is " & DateDiff("n", Now(), millennium) & " minutes to year 3000!<br />")

document.write("It is " & DateDiff("s", Now(), millennium) & " seconds to year 3000!<br />")

</script>

</p>

</body>

</html>

<html>

<body>

document.write(DateAdd("d",30,date()))

</script>

<p>

This example uses <b>DateAdd</b> to calculate a date 30 days from today.

</p>

<p>

Syntax for DateAdd: DateAdd(interval,number,date).

</p>

</body>

</html>

<html>

<body>

document.write(FormatDateTime(date(),vbgeneraldate))

document.write("<br />")

document.write(FormatDateTime(date(),vblongdate))

document.write("<br />")

document.write(FormatDateTime(date(),vbshortdate))

document.write("<br />")

document.write(FormatDateTime(now(),vblongtime))

document.write("<br />")

document.write(FormatDateTime(now(),vbshorttime))

</script>

<p>Syntax for FormatDateTime: FormatDateTime(date,namedformat).</p>

</body>

</html>

<html>

<body>

txt="Have a nice day!"

document.write(ucase(txt))

document.write("<br />")

document.write(lcase(txt))

</script>

</body>

</html>

<html>

<body>

fname=" Bill "

document.write("Hello" & trim(fname) & "Gates<br />")

document.write("Hello" & rtrim(fname) & "Gates<br />")

document.write("Hello" & ltrim(fname) & "Gates<br />")

</script>

</boy>

</html>

<html>

<body>

sometext = "Hello Everyone!"

document.write(strReverse(sometext))

</script>

</body>

</html>

<html>

<body>

randomize()

randomNumber=Int(100 * rnd())

document.write("A random number: <b>" & randomNumber & "</b>")

</script>

</body>

</html>

<html>

<body>

sometext="Welcome to this Web!!"

document.write(Replace(sometext, "Web", "Page"))

</script>

</body>

</html>

<html>

<body>

sometext="Welcome to our Web Site!!"

document.write(Mid(sometext, 9, 2))

</script>

</body>

</html>